Mechanical movement



A. E. DE KONING MECHANICAL MOVEMENT July 9, 1935.

Filed Mafch 9, 1931 Bnvenfor (Ittorneg Patented July 9, 1935 UNI-TED;STATES PATENT OFFICE .MEcnAnroAL MOVEMENT Arthur E'. De Koning,Portlandroreg. Q 1 Application Means,1931,.semmm'm 8 n w My inventionconsists in means for guiding in parallel, or fixed angular relationshiptwo planes in separative movement, and a certain embodiment of thedevice with cooperating members in a sawing machine. .1 1?

The principal object of my invention is to provide reliable anddurablemeans for'accomplishing this effect adaptable for use asa meansfor projecting cutting tools through the "work in determinate,rectilinear paths. 4

A second object is to provide such a guide .means of comparatively greata'mplitudeof oper ative movement in that-space whose magnitude in thedirection of such motion is no greater than the distance of separationof the stationary and projected planes. ..A third and particularobjector my invention is the provision of a sawing machine ,whose bladeis capable of rectilinear movement in that'plane containing it, througha relatively great' distanc'e and .whose dimension in the direction ofmove- .ment of the saw blade is approximately equal only. to thediameter of the saw'blade whenthe sameisretracted. l M er Other objectsand advantages of. my invention will be apparentin the followingdiscourse wherein the significance of the reference characters in .theaccompanying drawing, details of construction and. manner of operationof atypical machine embodying myinven-tion and the particular advantagesthereof are explained.

Figure 1 is a diagrammaticperspective representation of the essentialefiects of the device-of myinventiorn f v a Figure 2 is a diagrammatic.representation of the essential elements of'thedevice. 1

, Figure 3 represents a perspective view-of a sawing machine in which myinvention ise'mbodie'd wherefrom .the saw-blade has been removed.

7 Figure representsatop view of thesawing machine.-;

Figure represents a sideview of thelocking device used to hold the sawin its retracted position together with fragmentary portions ofsupportin'gjand cooperating parts;

Figure 6is adiagr'am illustrative of certain proportions of the elementsof the machine.

Figure '7 is a diagram illustrative of certain proportions of otherelements cooperating with those illustrated in Figure 6.

The essential elements ofthe machine comprise two rigid links I' and 2(Figure 2) attached together and to the supporting and; supported'members 3' and 4 respeetively,-by three parallel shafts, or pivots 5,6' and 1' respectively, and

two other rigid links 8' and 9 similarly connected A togethenand to thesupporting and supported members 3' and 4' respectively by three shafts,

or pivots 10TH, and I2 disposed perpendicularly to the pivots 5, 6', andI. The two extreme limits of movement of a cutting tool such as acircular saw mounted upon the supported membet 4 are indicated bythecircles in broken lines l3- and M the path of motion of the saw isindicated by the straight line I5. The positions of the several linksand pivots when the saw occupies the position indicated by l3 areindicated by'the broken lines as I6 while the path of the pivot. 10 isindicated by the arc ll.

. The. essential effects of this combination of links, pivots, andattachments therefor are. illustrated in Figure 1. It is desired toguide the motion of a plane A in motion reciprocally in the direction ofthe line 0-D normal thereto and to the fixed plane B coincidentallyparallel with the plane A. A member revolving about the axis X--X wouldbe constrained to motion parallel with the plane V normal thereto andperpendicular to the plane '5 in which lies the axis XW-X'.

Likewise a member revolving about the axis Y'--Y' would be constrainedto motion parallel with the plane H normal thereto and alsoperpendicular to the plane B in which lies the axis Y Y'. The onlymotion possible in a member .pivotally mounted upon both the axes X'-Xand Y' Y would be along the line C-D coincident with the line ofintersection of the two planes V and H. It is obvious that a singleintegral member mounted upon both'axes would be fixed and immobile. I

' .If, however, separate members are rotatably -mounted-upon these twoaxes and two similar ported by such a system in the direction of theline C-D normal thereto would 1 be possible. Thus the constraints ofmovements of members about two systems of angularly separated axes arecombined to constrain motion in the line of intersection of the planesinto which the two systemsof members are constrained respectively.

A further effect is that theplane A, in relation to which the axes X-Xand Y-Y are rigidly related. moves in the direction of the normal .C--Dpreciselyparallel with the plane B in relation to which the axes X'-Xand Y-Y are rigidly related.

While the most advantageous relationship of the angularly disposedsystems of axes is the true perpendicular, it will be obvious that greatvariations from the perpendicular will not change the relative motion ofthe plane A with reference to the plane B. As for instance, the axes X-Xand XX may be disposed horizontally and the axes Y-Y and Y'Y' may bedisposed at only a slight angular separation of merely a few degrees.Parallelism of the axes in each system is the only critical requirementof these effects. I

In the application of this principle variations in the precise form ofthe apparatus just -de-. scribed are necessitated by reason of the factthat practical construction does" not admit of disposing the severalelements as illustrated in the diagram. Identical effects, however, areprovided for by the means employed in the device of my inventiondistinguished by unequal link lengths and variant dispositions of theterminal axes of the link systems, the one complementary to the other,designed to provide for the folding of the mechanism into the smallestspace. Particularly, the horizontal axis I I is raised and shiftedlaterally and the link 8 is proportionately lengthened. The oppositeaxis I2 is lowered and the link 9' shortened.

The embodiment of thesefeatures in a machine for practical use is shownin the Figures 3 and 4. In Figure 3 it will be observed that the links 8and 9 are of unequal length and the termini thereof are situated atdifferentlevels so that the axis I2 moves through a plane situated belowthe axis II. In Figure 4 it will be observed that both terminal axes ofthe link system composed of the linksI and 2 are situated in the planethrough which the axis at 1 moves. The link systems thus approach acommon plane perpendicular to the line of motor of the tool-head 25 andhence fold into a very compact space.

An exaggerated degree of these relationships is illustrated in theFigures 6 and '7 wherein the link I is represented by I, the link 2 by2", the joint therebetween by 5", the terminal axes of links I" and 2 by6" and 1 respectively, the link 8 by 8 in Figure 7 the link 9 by 9", thejoint therebetween by ID, the terminal axes of links 8 and 9 by II" andI2 respectively, and the extended positions of these parts by the brokenline figures.

In Figure 6, the axis I has motion in the plane indicated at f separatedfrom the plane at 9, containing the terminal axis 6", by the distance 70which is substantially equal to the difference in length of the links I"and 2", in turn, of lengths approximately equal to j and 1'respectively.

Likewise, in Figure '7, the lengths of the links 8 and 9 aresubstantially of the lengths d and 0 respectively while the differenceof length thereof is approximately equal to the distance 6 by which theplanes at a. and b, containing the terminal axes I I" and I2, areseparated.

The terminal axes 6" and 1" may thus be considered as having motionrelatively in the planes g and 7 respectively, and the terminal axes II"and I2 as having motion relatively in the planes at and b.

The two links systems may, therefore, be composed of links of suchcomplementary length as will be substantially equal to the distancebetween the planes containing the axes joining the separate links intopairs and the planes contain ing the terminal axes of the links when themachine is in the retracted position. Stated in another manner, thedifference in length of the links in each pair is substantially equal tothe distance of separation of the planes containing the terminal axesthereof and through which the latter may be said to move relatively.These proportions provide for the folding of the links into a verycompact space approaching a plane normal to the direction of movement ofthe terminal axes.

The sawing machine in which this device has been embodied comprises abase casting 20 to which the table bracket 2I is bolted with itssupporting face 22 aligned with the horizontal, a revolving frame 23rotatably mounted atop thereof by means of the clamping bolt and nut 24with which it is secured in the desired position, two link systems asdescribed mounted upon the "revolving frame 23'and carrying a headassembly 25.

The link systems comprise a linkB pivotally attached to the revolvingframe 23 by a horizontal shaft at II and pivotally attached by a secondhorizontal shaft at I0 to the second link 9 whose outermost end isattached by a third horizontal shaft at I2 to the head assembly 25, andcounterparts of these links and pivots mounted upon vertical shafts inwhich the link I is pivotally attached to the revolving frame 23 by avertical shaft at 6 and connected to the link 2 by a second verticalshaft at 5, the outermost end of the link 2 being connected to the headassembly by a third vertical shaft at I.

'A direct-driven saw arbor 26 and motor therefor 21 are suitably mountedupon the head 4 to allow of adjustment about a horizontal axis andvertically to permit of cutting to a predetermined depth and bevel withreference to the table supported upon the face 22 of the table bracket2|. The hand wheel 28 is provided to facilitate this adjustment of depthof cut.

A reflecting spring 29 is mounted upon a rod 30 pivotally secured to therevolving frame 23 at 3I to engage the stop 32 pivotally mounted uponthe link 2 so that the momentum of the machine in a forward stroke maybe utilized to return the saw to its retracted position with a minimumof effort and time.

Another valuable characteristic of this machine is that by virtue of theweight of the links 8 and 9 the saw tends to move backward; no other.means is thus required to cause the retraction of '31 through suitablemeans to cause it torotate 'upon its pivot at 38 and so cause thedisengagement of its hooked portion 39 from a suitable engagement 40formed on the revolving frame 23. The descent of the arm 36 by force ofgravity causes the engagement of the hook with the revolving frame andthus secures the 'saw in its retracted position against accidentalextension.

Electrical control apparatus for the motor is indicated at 4| and theflexible conduit serving the motor at 42.

It will be apparent that the device is applicable to a great'number ofmechanical devices among which might be mentioned the following: sawingmachines such as the one described, metal planing and shaping machines,drilling machines, and any device or contrivance requiring an easyworking rigidly guided reciprocating movement.

Having described my invention what I claim is:

A sawing machine comprising, in combination, a base, a frame rotatablymounted upon said base, a tool head, two systems of links of several 10lengths joined together respectively upon parallel axes opposite terminiof which systems are connected to said rotatable frame and said. toolhead respectively upon rigidly related axes mutually inclined anddisposed upon said rotatable frame and said tool head in planes parallelwith the line of motion of said tool head and respectively separated bydistances substantially equal to the difference in length of the linksconstituting each pair. I

ARTHUR E. DE KONING.

